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{"id":20440,"date":"2020-12-18T09:13:02","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T12:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blbbrasil.com.br\/blog\/?p=20440"},"modified":"2024-04-10T17:36:12","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T20:36:12","slug":"cpc-16-custos-valor-estoque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blbescoladenegocios.com.br\/blog\/cpc-16-custos-valor-estoque\/","title":{"rendered":"CPC 16 \u2013 Estoques: custos e crit\u00e9rios de valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n

Os estoques, normalmente, representam uns dos ativos mais relevantes nas empresas industriais e comerciais. Seus custos refletem diretamente na forma\u00e7\u00e3o do pre\u00e7o de venda e na maximiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos resultados das empresas. Dessa forma, o reconhecimento, a mensura\u00e7\u00e3o e o controle cont\u00e1bil adequados dos estoques<\/strong><\/a> s\u00e3o essenciais para a apropriada divulga\u00e7\u00e3o das demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras das empresas. <\/p>\n

Diante disso, veremos neste artigo a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de estoque, o que incluir ou n\u00e3o em sua forma\u00e7\u00e3o de custo, seus crit\u00e9rios de valoriza\u00e7\u00e3o (PEPS, UEPS, custo m\u00e9dio ponderado etc.) e como divulg\u00e1-lo nas demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras.<\/p>\n

Defini\u00e7\u00e3o de estoque<\/h2>\n

A fim de facilitarmos o entendimento deste artigo, usaremos a defini\u00e7\u00e3o do CPC 16<\/strong><\/a> para estoque:<\/p>\n

Os estoques s\u00e3o ativos:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. mantidos para venda no curso normal dos neg\u00f3cios;<\/li>\n
  2. em processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o para venda; ou<\/li>\n
  3. na forma de materiais ou suprimentos a serem consumidos ou transformados no processo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o ou na presta\u00e7\u00e3o de servi\u00e7os.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Como mensurar os estoques?<\/h2>\n

    Neste t\u00f3pico abordaremos os componentes de forma\u00e7\u00e3o do custo do estoque, ou seja, o que entra ou n\u00e3o entra no custo dos estoques.<\/p>\n

    Regra b\u00e1sica para a mensura\u00e7\u00e3o dos estoques<\/h3>\n

    Como regra b\u00e1sica, os estoques devem ser mensurados pelo valor de custo ou pelo valor realiz\u00e1vel l\u00edquido, dos dois o menor, conforme item 9 do CPC 16.<\/p>\n

    Mas como apurar o valor de custo dos estoques?<\/p>\n

    Apura\u00e7\u00e3o do custo do estoque<\/h3>\n

    O valor de custo do estoque deve incluir todos os custos de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/u> e de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/u>, bem como outros custos<\/u> incorridos para trazer os estoques \u00e0 sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o e localiza\u00e7\u00e3o atuais.<\/p>\n

    Dizendo de outra forma, no quadro abaixo temos uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o dos gastos que devem ser inclusos na forma\u00e7\u00e3o do custo do estoque:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Custo de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    \n

    Custo e transforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    \n

    Outros custos<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

    \n

    O custo de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 pre\u00e7o do produto comprado, mais os custos incorridos adicionalmente, at\u00e9 o ativo estar \u00e0 disposi\u00e7\u00e3o para utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    \n

    Os custos de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de estoques incluem os custos diretamente relacionados com as unidades produzidas ou com as linhas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, como pode ser o caso da m\u00e3o de obra direta.<\/p>\n

    Tamb\u00e9m incluem a aloca\u00e7\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica de custos indiretos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, fixos e vari\u00e1veis, que sejam incorridos para transformar os materiais em produtos acabados.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    \n

    Custos incorridos para colocar os estoques no seu local e na sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o atual.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Exemplos de itens n\u00e3o inclu\u00eddos no custo dos estoques<\/h3>\n

    Se no t\u00f3pico anterior vimos o que incluir no custo de aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o ou forma\u00e7\u00e3o do estoque, os exemplos abaixo tratam de gastos que n\u00e3o devem ser inclu\u00eddos no custo do estoque, ou seja, s\u00e3o os gastos que devem ser reconhecidos como despesa do per\u00edodo, quando incorridos:<\/p>\n