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{"id":24109,"date":"2025-02-25T09:17:11","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T12:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blbescoladenegocios.com.br\/blog\/?p=24109"},"modified":"2025-03-12T13:59:57","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T16:59:57","slug":"sigilo-bancario-transacoes-financeiras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blbescoladenegocios.com.br\/blog\/sigilo-bancario-transacoes-financeiras\/","title":{"rendered":"Sigilo banc\u00e1rio e arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o tribut\u00e1ria: recentes pol\u00eamicas sobre a fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o das transa\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diante da imensur\u00e1vel quantidade de publica\u00e7\u00f5es e questionamentos a respeito da Instru\u00e7\u00e3o Normativa\u202fRFB\u202fn\u00ba\u202f2.219\/2024, que tratava da fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras\u202f\u2013 entre elas, o PIX e as transa\u00e7\u00f5es com cart\u00f5es de cr\u00e9dito \u2013 e foi objeto de an\u00e1lise aprofundada em <\/span>outro artigo do nosso blog<\/span><\/b><\/a>, surgiram in\u00fameras indaga\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o direito dos cidad\u00e3os e das empresas brasileiras ao sigilo banc\u00e1rio.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Aproveitando esse contexto, o presente artigo busca esclarecer, sem a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de esgotar o debate sobre o tema, as disposi\u00e7\u00f5es legais que versam sobre o sigilo banc\u00e1rio e o posicionamento atual do Supremo Tribunal Federal a respeito desse direito. Com base nessas informa\u00e7\u00f5es, ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel finalmente responder \u00e0 seguinte quest\u00e3o: o compartilhamento de transa\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras com entidades arrecadat\u00f3rias viola ou n\u00e3o o sigilo banc\u00e1rio?<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

O sigilo banc\u00e1rio no Brasil<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/h2>\n

J\u00e1 de in\u00edcio, \u00e9 preciso salientar que n\u00e3o h\u00e1, na <\/span>Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal de 1988<\/span><\/b><\/a>, nenhum dispositivo legal que, de forma expressa e direta, institui o direito ao sigilo banc\u00e1rio. Contudo, in\u00fameras garantias dispostas no artigo 5\u00ba abarcam essa prerrogativa dos cidad\u00e3os e das empresas brasileiras, como veremos a seguir.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Come\u00e7ando pelo inciso X do artigo 5\u00ba, a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal atesta a garantia de que <\/span>\u201cs\u00e3o inviol\u00e1veis a intimidade, a vida privada, a honra e a imagem das pessoas, assegurado o direito \u00e0 indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o pelo dano material ou moral decorrente de sua viola\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d<\/span><\/i>. Considerando que as informa\u00e7\u00f5es e as transa\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras pertencem, sem sombra de d\u00favidas, \u00e0 intimidade e \u00e0 vida privada dos cidad\u00e3os, com amparo no referido inciso X do artigo 5\u00ba \u00e9 poss\u00edvel sustentar a exist\u00eancia de um fundamento constitucional para o sigilo banc\u00e1rio.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Ainda no artigo 5\u00ba, h\u00e1 tamb\u00e9m o inciso XII, cujo teor disp\u00f5e que <\/span>\u201c\u00e9 inviol\u00e1vel o sigilo da correspond\u00eancia e das comunica\u00e7\u00f5es telegr\u00e1ficas, de dados e das comunica\u00e7\u00f5es telef\u00f4nicas, salvo, no \u00faltimo caso, por ordem judicial, nas hip\u00f3teses e na forma que a lei estabelecer para fins de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o criminal ou instru\u00e7\u00e3o processual penal\u201d<\/span><\/i>. Assim como o anterior, esse dispositivo tamb\u00e9m embasa a exist\u00eancia do direito ao sigilo banc\u00e1rio, j\u00e1 que imputa, de forma ampla, a inviolabilidade sobre os dados.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Mais adiante no artigo 5\u00ba, encontra-se o rec\u00e9m adicionado inciso LXXIX: <\/span>\u201c\u00e9 assegurado, nos termos da lei, o direito \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados\u202fpessoais, inclusive nos meios digitais\u201d<\/span><\/i>. Ou seja, trata-se de mais um dispositivo que, de maneira ampla, aborda a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de dados, permitindo concluir que ele abrange as informa\u00e7\u00f5es e as transa\u00e7\u00f5es banc\u00e1rias.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m desses dispositivos mais gen\u00e9ricos que, embora n\u00e3o disponham expressamente sobre sigilo banc\u00e1rio, garantem a inviolabilidade da vida privada e dos dados dos cidad\u00e3os e das empresas brasileiras, a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal estabelece, no artigo 192, que o sistema financeiro nacional ser\u00e1 regulado por leis complementares. Vejamos:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Art. 192. O sistema financeiro nacional, estruturado de forma a promover o desenvolvimento equilibrado do Pa\u00eds e a servir aos interesses da coletividade, em todas as partes que o comp\u00f5em, abrangendo as cooperativas de cr\u00e9dito, ser\u00e1 regulado por leis complementares que dispor\u00e3o, inclusive, sobre a participa\u00e7\u00e3o do capital estrangeiro nas institui\u00e7\u00f5es que o integram.<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Uma das leis complementares que regula o sistema financeiro nacional recebeu o n\u00ba 105\/2001 e destina-se a dispor especificamente <\/span>\u201csobre o sigilo das opera\u00e7\u00f5es de institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras\u201d<\/span><\/i>, conforme indicado na pr\u00f3pria ementa desse diploma legal. Logo no seu primeiro artigo, a <\/span>Lei Complementar n\u00ba 105\/2001<\/span><\/b><\/a> estabelece que <\/span>\u201cas institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras conservar\u00e3o sigilo em suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es ativas e passivas e servi\u00e7os prestados\u201d<\/span><\/i>, tratando-se de uma disposi\u00e7\u00e3o legal expressa que garante, no Brasil, a prote\u00e7\u00e3o dos dados e das transa\u00e7\u00f5es banc\u00e1rias.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Embora a referida legisla\u00e7\u00e3o, no \u00a7 4\u00ba do art. 1\u00ba, estipule a necessidade de decretar a quebra do sigilo banc\u00e1rio para a apura\u00e7\u00e3o de crimes contra a ordem tribut\u00e1ria (como \u00e9 o caso das omiss\u00f5es de receitas), h\u00e1 nela outras disposi\u00e7\u00f5es que, em \u00faltima inst\u00e2ncia, relativizam essa prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Tais disposi\u00e7\u00f5es elencam algumas circunst\u00e2ncias que n\u00e3o constituem viola\u00e7\u00e3o a esse direito, e, portanto, n\u00e3o carecem de quebra do sigilo:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Art. 1<\/span>o<\/span>\u202f<\/span><\/b>As institui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras conservar\u00e3o sigilo em suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es ativas e passivas e servi\u00e7os prestados.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

[…]<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n