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{"id":24276,"date":"2025-06-10T14:39:54","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T17:39:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blbescoladenegocios.com.br\/blog\/?p=24276"},"modified":"2026-03-03T16:23:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T19:23:37","slug":"pl-1087-25-reforma-imposto-de-renda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.blbescoladenegocios.com.br\/blog\/pl-1087-25-reforma-imposto-de-renda\/","title":{"rendered":"PL 1087\/25: impactos da Reforma do IR sobre arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o e investimentos"},"content":{"rendered":"

O cen\u00e1rio tribut\u00e1rio brasileiro vem passando por transforma\u00e7\u00f5es significativas desde que as propostas de reforma tribut\u00e1ria foram apresentadas pelo Governo Federal. Primeiro, veio a reforma da tributa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre o consumo, concretizada por meio da Emenda Constitucional 132\/23 e da Lei Complementar 214\/24, que institu\u00edram o Imposto sobre Bens e Servi\u00e7os (IBS) e a Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Bens e Servi\u00e7os (CBS)<\/strong><\/a>. Na pr\u00e1tica, esses tributos entrar\u00e3o em vigor de forma progressiva a partir de janeiro de 2026.<\/p>\n

Agora, \u00e9 a vez da reforma sobre a renda e o patrim\u00f4nio, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como \u201cReforma do Imposto de Renda (IR)\u201d, apresentada pelo governo ao Congresso Nacional, em 18 de mar\u00e7o de 2025, por meio do Projeto de Lei (PL) 1087\/25<\/strong><\/a>. Tal proposta visa alterar substancialmente a tributa\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o apenas do Imposto sobre a Renda das Pessoas F\u00edsicas (IRPF), mas tamb\u00e9m de investidores n\u00e3o residentes no Brasil.<\/p>\n

Em vista disso, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar, de forma aprofundada, as principais mudan\u00e7as da nova proposta do PL 1087\/25 sob a perspectiva empresarial, comparando-as com o regime atual de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, ser\u00e3o abordadas as poss\u00edveis consequ\u00eancias jur\u00eddicas e econ\u00f4micas decorrentes de sua prov\u00e1vel aprova\u00e7\u00e3o para a classe empresarial como um todo. Por fim, tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e3o considerados os impactos na arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o, nos investimentos e no comportamento dos contribuintes ap\u00f3s a implementa\u00e7\u00e3o do novo sistema tribut\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

Propostas do PL 1087\/25<\/h2>\n

O PL n\u00ba 1087\/25 prop\u00f5e uma s\u00e9rie de altera\u00e7\u00f5es no sistema de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o do Imposto de Renda, visando tanto \u00e0 eleva\u00e7\u00e3o do limite de isen\u00e7\u00e3o para os contribuintes considerados de baixa renda quanto \u00e0 institui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma nova al\u00edquota de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o para aqueles com altas rendas.<\/p>\n

O racioc\u00ednio do governo \u00e9 claro: os mais ricos devem pagar a conta da desonera\u00e7\u00e3o em benef\u00edcio dos mais pobres. Trata-se de uma discuss\u00e3o dualista, pois, de um lado, h\u00e1 a narrativa do Estado como agente de justi\u00e7a social, e, de outro, a vis\u00e3o cr\u00edtica de que tributar dividendos \u00e9 um entrave para o crescimento econ\u00f4mico, a inova\u00e7\u00e3o e o reinvestimento.<\/p>\n

Objetivamente, as principais novidades compreendem:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Amplia\u00e7\u00e3o da faixa de isen\u00e7\u00e3o: <\/strong>atualmente, a faixa de isen\u00e7\u00e3o do IRPF \u00e9 de R$ 2.259,20 em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao total de rendimentos mensais; com a nova proposta, esse valor ser\u00e1 elevado para R$ 5.000. Al\u00e9m disso, ser\u00e1 institu\u00edda uma isen\u00e7\u00e3o parcial para contribuintes com rendimentos de at\u00e9 R$ 7.000.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. Imposto de Renda M\u00ednimo (IRPFM):<\/strong> para compensar a ren\u00fancia fiscal decorrente da amplia\u00e7\u00e3o da faixa de isen\u00e7\u00e3o, o PL prop\u00f5e a institui\u00e7\u00e3o do Imposto sobre a Renda das Pessoas F\u00edsicas M\u00ednimo (IRPFM), com vig\u00eancia a partir de 2026. Trata-se de um tributo complementar com incid\u00eancia progressiva, que vai de 2,5% at\u00e9 10%, aplicado aos rendimentos anuais que ultrapassem o montante de R$ 600 mil (equivalente a R$ 50 mil mensais).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Al\u00e9m disso, para o c\u00f4mputo dos rendimentos anuais, ser\u00e3o consideradas as seguintes rendas: sal\u00e1rios, alugu\u00e9is, dividendos e at\u00e9 mesmo aqueles sujeitos \u00e0 al\u00edquota zero ou isentos, como Letras de Cr\u00e9dito Imobili\u00e1rio (LCI), Letras de Cr\u00e9dito do Agroneg\u00f3cio (LCA), Certificados de Receb\u00edveis Imobili\u00e1rios (CRI) e Fundos Imobili\u00e1rios (FIIs), sem que esses percam sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o de isen\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

      Por outro lado, alguns tipos de rendimentos foram exclu\u00eddos da base de c\u00e1lculo, come\u00e7ando pelos isentos exemplificados acima, mas tamb\u00e9m incluindo ganhos de capital \u2013 exceto os provenientes de ganhos em bolsa de valores ou opera\u00e7\u00f5es no mercado de balc\u00e3o organizado \u2013, doa\u00e7\u00f5es, heran\u00e7as e rendimentos de poupan\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Tributa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre dividendos:<\/strong> o PL ainda prop\u00f5e a institui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma al\u00edquota fixa de 10% incidente sobre a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de dividendos que excedam a m\u00e9dia mensal de R$ 50 mil por acionista e por empresa. Essa medida tamb\u00e9m se aplica aos dividendos remetidos ao exterior.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Impactos na arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n

        Segundo Nota T\u00e9cnica<\/strong><\/a> publicada pela Receita Federal no dia 18 de fevereiro de 2025, espera-se que a Reforma do Imposto de Renda resulte em um aumento significativo da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o com a tributa\u00e7\u00e3o de rendimentos anuais acima de R$ 600 mil. A proje\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 que a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o nessa faixa passe de R$ 10,2 bilh\u00f5es para R$ 36 bilh\u00f5es, o que representaria uma alta de 254%.<\/p>\n

        Conforme os c\u00e1lculos da equipe econ\u00f4mica, o impacto fiscal da medida, considerando a din\u00e2mica e o alcance da reten\u00e7\u00e3o na fonte da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de lucros e dividendos, segue estimado em um ganho de arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o na ordem de R$ 25,22 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2026, R$ 29,49 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2027 e de R$ 29,83 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2028.<\/p>\n

        No que tange \u00e0 proposta de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o dos dividendos remetidos ao exterior, o impacto fiscal foi estimado em um aumento de arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o de R$ 8,90 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2026, de R$ 9,69 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2027 e de R$ 9,81 bilh\u00f5es para o ano de 2028.<\/p>\n

        Na tabela abaixo pode ser verificada a consolida\u00e7\u00e3o das estimativas decorrentes da proposta do governo, ficando claro que n\u00e3o se trata apenas de uma medida compensat\u00f3ria (baixa renda x alta renda), mas tamb\u00e9m de uma expectativa de um aumento significativo na arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o, para que o governo possa dar conta de sua agenda de aumento de gastos.<\/p>\n

        \"impacto<\/strong>Tributa\u00e7\u00e3o de altas rendas<\/h2>\n

        <\/p>\n

        A tributa\u00e7\u00e3o das altas rendas ser\u00e1 progressiva, com a incid\u00eancia de um imposto adicional para rendimentos superiores a R$ 600 mil.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        A reda\u00e7\u00e3o do PL 1087\/25 estipula a f\u00f3rmula <\/span>Al\u00edquota % = (REND\/60000) – 10<\/span><\/b>, na qual REND \u00e9 o rendimento v\u00e1lido recebido no ano-calend\u00e1rio, e determina que valores entre R$ 600 mil e R$ 1.2 milh\u00e3o ter\u00e3o al\u00edquotas que variam linearmente de zero a 10%. A al\u00edquota de 10% tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 aplicada aos rendimentos que ultrapassem R$ 1.2 milh\u00e3o.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        Como exemplo, confira a tabela abaixo que mostra alguns valores e o c\u00e1lculo do imposto:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Renda anual<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1lculo da al\u00edquota m\u00ednima<\/strong><\/td>\nAl\u00edquota final (%)<\/strong><\/td>\nImposto m\u00ednimo a pagar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        R$ 600.000,00<\/td>\n(600.000 \u2013 600.000) \/600.000 \u2013 10%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\nR$ 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R$ 750.000,00<\/td>\n(750.000 \u2013 600.000) \/600.000 \u2013 10%<\/td>\n2,5%<\/td>\nR$ 18.750,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R$ 900.000,00<\/td>\n(900.000 \u2013 600.000) \/600.000 \u2013 10%<\/td>\n5%<\/td>\nR$ 45.000,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R$ 1.050.000,00<\/td>\n(1.050.000 \u2013 600.000) \/600.000 \u2013 10%<\/td>\n7,5%<\/td>\nR$ 78.750,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R$ 1.200.000,00<\/td>\n(1.200.000 \u2013 600.000) \/600.000 \u2013 10%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\nR$ 120.000,00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 tributa\u00e7\u00e3o dos dividendos, dever\u00e1 ser observado o mecanismo de redutor ou cr\u00e9dito para evitar a tributa\u00e7\u00e3o excessiva sobre lucros e dividendos, o que dever\u00e1 gerar muita discuss\u00e3o devido \u00e0 complexidade do que est\u00e1 sendo proposto.<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/center><\/p>\n

        Funcionamento do redutor ou cr\u00e9dito<\/h2>\n

        O PL prev\u00ea um mecanismo de redutor ou cr\u00e9dito para supostamente evitar a tributa\u00e7\u00e3o excessiva sobre lucros e dividendos. O racioc\u00ednio segue esta linha: se o somat\u00f3rio da al\u00edquota efetiva de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o dos lucros da pessoa jur\u00eddica com a al\u00edquota efetiva do IRPFM ultrapassar as al\u00edquotas nominais de IRPJ e CSLL (34%, 40% ou 45%, conforme o caso), um redutor do IRPFM ser\u00e1 estabelecido pelo Poder Executivo. Esse redutor ser\u00e1 disciplinado em regulamento e ser\u00e1 aplic\u00e1vel ao benefici\u00e1rio, pessoa f\u00edsica residente no pa\u00eds, enquadrado como de alta renda.<\/p>\n

        Al\u00e9m disso, o Poder Executivo conceder\u00e1 ao benefici\u00e1rio residente ou domiciliado no exterior um “cr\u00e9dito”, na forma do regulamento, em caso de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva excedente \u00e0s al\u00edquotas nominais, seguindo o mesmo racioc\u00ednio aplicado \u00e0s pessoas f\u00edsicas residentes no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

        A t\u00edtulo de exemplo, imagine uma empresa com lucro cont\u00e1bil antes do Imposto de Renda e Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o Social de R$ 100 milh\u00f5es e que paga R$ 28 milh\u00f5es em IRPJ e CSLL, resultando em uma al\u00edquota efetiva de 28%. Se uma pessoa f\u00edsica receber R$ 3 milh\u00f5es em dividendos dessa empresa, estaria, em princ\u00edpio, sujeita \u00e0 al\u00edquota m\u00ednima de 10%, o que corresponderia a R$ 300 mil. No entanto, esse contribuinte pagaria apenas 4% de imposto (R$ 120 mil), pois a soma da carga tribut\u00e1ria entre a empresa e o s\u00f3cio (28% + 10%) alcan\u00e7a 38%.<\/p>\n

        Dessa forma, como o teto global de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o previsto pelo PL n\u00ba 1.087\/25 \u00e9 de 34%, a diferen\u00e7a de 4% (38% – 34%), ser\u00e1 considerada excedente e, portanto, esse contribuinte estar\u00e1 eleg\u00edvel para gozar de um redutor na apura\u00e7\u00e3o final do imposto da pessoa f\u00edsica, condicionado \u00e0 apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o de demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras da pessoa jur\u00eddica, elaboradas de acordo com a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o societ\u00e1ria e com as normas cont\u00e1beis em vigor.<\/p>\n

        \"Planilha<\/a><\/p>\n

        Contudo, a depender da forma como for aprovada, a regra atual pode gerar distor\u00e7\u00f5es, na medida em que empresas optantes pelo Lucro Presumido ou pelo Simples Nacional, cuja carga tribut\u00e1ria efetiva naturalmente espera-se que seja inferior e, portanto, n\u00e3o se beneficiam do mesmo tratamento. Para estas, a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o prev\u00ea que poder\u00e3o optar por c\u00e1lculo simplificado do lucro cont\u00e1bil, o qual corresponder\u00e1 ao valor do faturamento com a dedu\u00e7\u00e3o das seguintes despesas:<\/p>\n